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Title
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Acid rain: Selected references, 1983-1985
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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Citations in this bibliography cover different aspects of the acid rain issue including research into its cause, effects on the environment (particularly forests), and problems with control.
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Title
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Comparison of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's groundwater protection strategies
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Since 1979, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has expended considerable effort on developing an approach to protect groundwater from pollution. Because groundwater protection has traditionally been a right of the States, EPA sought to develop a groundwater protection strategy that would establish agency policy to protect groundwater under existing Federal statutes, but be sensitive to the rights and protection efforts of the States. EPA's efforts to prepare a groundwater strategy have been controversial and the strategy has been redrafted three times. This report compares and contrasts the three EPA groundwater strategies. EPA's executive summary of the proposed third version of the groundwater strategy is included in an appendix.
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Title
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Gross national product and basic manufacturing industries in the United States: Comparative analysis of growth rates, 1950-1982
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This report analyzes and compares trends in the growth of real GNP and real output in manufacturing and basic manufacturing in the Unites States between 1950 and 1982. As a corollary, the report also looks at trends in the real output growth of six basic manufacturing industries in the same period: primary metals, motor vehicles and equipment, textile mill products, paper and allied products, chemicals and allied products, and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products. The results indicate, among other things, that (1) manufacturing is not in imminent danger of disappearing, as some proponents of the "deindustrialization" thesis seem to believe, (2) since the mid-1970s, basic manufacturing at once is contributing less and less to national income and continues to be greatly influenced by changes in national income, and (3) it can be misleading to treat all basic American manufacturing industries as though they constitute a homogeneous sector facing the same competitive challenges and commercial opportunities.
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Title
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Private school enrollments: A review of selected data
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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This paper provides a brief overview of selected data on the following aspects of private elementary and secondary school enrollment: numbers of students, enrollment of minority (blacks and Spanish origin) students, enrollment in religiously affiliated private schools, and enrollment of students from families with different levels of annual income. Where appropriate, comparisons are made to enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools.
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Title
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Jobs and the economic recovery: How have industries, regions, and workers fared?
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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After nearly three years of economic expansion, there has been widespread failure across manufacturing industries and regions to fully recoup their precession employment levels. Even if each manufacturing industry eventually recovers all its jobs losses in the same regions in which the lay offs occurred -- a very unlikely assumption -- dislocated workers probably will be unable to await their recall by former employers; instead, they will have to take new jobs in different industries, occupations, or areas. While the greater availability of jobs since the recovery began has enabled a majority of dislocated workers to be reemployed, dislocated workers today represent about 1 out of every 10 employed workers.
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Title
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Hold the phone: The federal excise tax on telephone service; a history and discussion of issues
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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In April 1984 the House of Representatives passed the Tax Reform Act of 1984 (H.R. 4170) and the Senate its Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 (an amendment to H.R. 2163, a bill to amend the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971), both of which provide for the continuation of the excise tax on telephone service at its 3-percent rate for an additional two years, through 1987. This action was deemed appropriate by congress in light of the large existing budgetary deficits. This paper presents an overall view of the Federal excise tax on telephone service. A description of the history of this tax and revenue collections are followed by an explanation to clarify the relationship of this tax to the U.S. actions in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s. Finally, this paper concludes with the principal arguments made by proponents for continuation of the tax and the opponents of the tax who support repeal.
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Title
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In vitro fertilization and human embryo transfer: Current status and issues
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Date
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1985
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Summary
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The techniques used in In Virtro Fertilization (IVF) have expanded significantly since the birth in 1978 of the first so-called "test-tube" baby. Technical advances, such as the use of a freezing technique known as cryopreservation and the application of drugs to stimulate the maturation of multiple ova during a woman's menstrual cycle, have contributed to improved successful pregnancy rates and also to wider uses of IVF as a means of treating infertility. This paper describes the techniques currently being used in this area of reproduction and also presents some of the problems associated with the uses of these techniques.
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Title
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The cumulative educational debt of postsecondary students: Amounts and measures of manageability
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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Concerns about the increasing levels of debt incurred by postsecondary education students have been expressed with growing frequency in the past several years, particularly with regard to the borrowing by graduate and professional level students. This paper reviews and assesses what has recently been reported on the levels of debt being accumulated by postsecondary students, what various analyses have concluded is the threshold for manageable debt, and what the results are when educational debt manageability thresholds are applied to current levels of student debt. The general findings of the paper are that: (1) the data on student borrowing are very limited; (2) the largest amounts of money are being borrowed by professional level students, particularly those in medicine and law; (3) it is not clear how burdensome these levels of debt are; and (4) the manageable debt burden thresholds have a number of serious problems and, at best, provide only crude measures of the extent to which students incur unmanageable levels of debt.
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Title
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Farm income and debt: Editorial commentary
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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This compilation presents editorials printed between August 3 and October 11, 1984 on farm income and debt. The editorials represent all those appearing on that subject in 100 newspapers monitored by the Congressional Research Service. The editorials are arranged by region to illustrate the concerns and responses in various parts of the country, and chronologically within each region.
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Title
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The airport improvement program
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Date
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1984
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Summary
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The Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 provided for reinstitution of a Federal airport improvement program. This report discusses the major features of this program and experience with it to date. The report also discusses major issues that may affect the program in the future.
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