__ commerce with the west,

 

Provisions, 20,864
" , " 10,070
Ashes, ” 16,944
Lime, ” 455,810
Beer, ” 293
Cider, ” 43
Dried l'ruit, lbs. 45,934
Apples, brls. 1,241
‘Need, cords 17,685
Wlieata bush. ' . 233,574
Coarse grain, ” 490,880
Bran and ship stulll-1, ” 273,191
Peas and beans, 13,137
Potu toes, ” 19,758
ClOVCl‘.’c1nLl grass seed, lbs. 790,454
Flax seed, ” 613,046
WooI,_ ” 591,700
Cotton, ” 22,412
Cheese, ” 1,553,304
Butter and lard, ” 1,826,341
Hops, , ” 247,165
(CIl'.CULAR.)
Hemp, “ 57,581
"Tobacco, “ 447,349 V
Fur and pcltry, “ 361,283
Stone, “ 4,111,323
Mercliaiidize. “ 181,218 _
Furniture, V “ 199,747
Clay, “ 4,256
Pig lead, “ 1,000
Pig Iron, “ 49,213
lron ware, “ 377,922
Sundrie “ 8,129,695

There is no doubts that the business of this year
will very greatly exceed that of the .last. By re-
turns from the collector-’s ofiice at Albany, up to
the 1st of August, (after which it will be recollected

' the great business season of the year is yet to

come.) it appearecl that the amount of many of the
articles mentioned in the foregoing report which
had then arrived, exceeded the entire quantity that
arrived during the whole of last year.

The following is a statement of the canal tolls

received by the collector at Albany, down to the

1st of September in 1834 and 183.) :
To the 1st.ofSeptcmber, 1834, $124,262 49
1‘ 1 “ 1335, 192,883 10
Being an increase of business bythc way of the

c~.1n-.11 of 56 per cent. since last year.“-Besides this, '

a considerable quantityof produce is brought to
Albany on the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad,
which strikes the Eric canal at Schenectady—the
amount being about 420 tons per week.

For the future, the prospects of Albany are still
more encouragino‘. The Railroad from Schenec-
tady to Utica is now constructing, and will be com-
pleted by next July or August; thus extending
the railroad communication 100 miles west. Rail-
roads are also constructing between Syracuse and»
Auburn and between ‘Rocliesterand Batavia, whicli
will so for complete the line of railroads to Bufihlo,
that it is easy to foresee that but a short time can
elapse before a continuous line will be establisliecl
to Lake Erie, thus making. the spring and winter
facilities of transportation nearly equal to those of
the summer. A company is now engaged in mak-
ing surveys for a railroad from Albany to Stock-
bridgc in Massachusetts, which with the contem-
plated railroad from Stockbridge to connect with
the Boston and VVorcester -raih-cad, will form a
chain of railroad communication between Albany
and Boston, which will be of great advantage In
this city, especially in the winter; when the inter-
course by water with New York is suspcndecl.-—
When all these roads are completed, and there is
no doubt they soon will be, and the lml{S'W€’.Sl‘. of
Utica, above referred to, filled up, there Wlll be a.
line of railroadconmnunication from Boston to Buf-
falo; fll.)11'l the Atlantic to the western lakes, of
which Albany will be the business centre. _'

While private enterprise isdoing so much to im-
prove the communication with the west, the State‘
government by alate law has authorised an en-
largement of the Erie Canal and the construction
of double locks, which it is supposed will have the
effect to reduce the price of transportation '30 to
40 per cent., and greatly to augment it in quan-

l1t' . '
The present rate of toll on 1000 pounds of flour
from Buffalo to Albany is till 62 1-2. The reduc-
tion will bring it to less than one half the cost, for
the same distance by any other route, and the val-
ley of the Mohawk must continue _to be‘, as it al-
ways -has been, the natural and easiest channel of
and Albany the depot

anvooamnrnr

INTERNALIMPROVEMENT&

 

 
   

  

..t- v\ -n 4.7’ ‘"2

 

where the cxcliaiigc takes place bctwecn,tlic pro-
ductions of the interior for those of the sea coast
and of foreign countries. This‘ cxcliange will be
much facilitated by the iinprovcmciit now making
in the navigation of the Hudson, by the United
States government. The removal of the bar,
.,which is the object of this improvement, will,
when completed, deepen the channel to about twelve
feet, and will give to this place a W'cst liidia trade,
in which the productions of the islands, consuincd
in the west, will be exclianged for the produce
brought do'—.vn the canal, without being burden-

 
 

ed by landing, storage arid rcshipmcnt at New-
York. - .

No < ‘ -  entertaiiied that the coasting and
‘West i ":1 1.1-1.-.cle will be carried on to a very great

extent in _I"r..l’.miiy, and with very great profit and
success, so soon as the improvement in the river na-
vigation is completed; and for the reason above
given, no place in the country can, in many ro-
spects, be more advantageoiisly situated for it. In-

dccd, the coasting trade carried on between this ci--.

ty and the seaport towns of N cw-Eiiglaiid, is al-
ready very extensive. There are about twenty-
livc regular trading vessels between Albany and
Boston only, which it is estimated by one of our
most intelligent forwarding merchants bring to this
I place about 25,000 quintals codfish during the sea-
son, and about 25,000*barrels of mackerel, besides
large quantities of mercliandizc which passes up
the canal or stops fora market here, not less, pro-

bably, than 5000 tons. These vessels take from

Albany to Boston, in return, about 75,000 barrels

of flour per season, together with large quantities

of timothy seed, peas, wool, Etc. The indirect trade

between Boston and Albany, which is transliipped

at New-York, is also very extensive.

Besides the routes above mentioned, others are
making to the north, all directly coniinunicating
‘with this city, and increasing its aclvaiitagcs. A
railroad communication already exists between this
place and Saratoga Springs, by way of the Mo-
hawk and Hudson and Saratogii and Schenectady
rziilroadrs. The railroad now about making from
Saratoga Springs to Wliiteliall, will complete the
route to Lake Champlain, and alibrd the $111116 ad-
vantages for a trade with Canada in the fall and
spring as are now given by means of the northern
canal in the summer. ' 7

It necessarily 1'eSl1ll2S'fI‘0l'l1ilLl1Q situation of Alba-
ny, and its easy means ofcommunicationwith the
surrounding country, that an immense travel cen-
tres at this city. Seine idea may be forined ofits
extent when we slate that it is estimated, and no
doubt truly, that from 600,000 to 800,000 persons
arrive at and depart from this city in the course of
tlieyear, by the several stage routes, raili‘0ads,
steamboats and other vessels—aiid this number is
yearly increcising, and no doubt six years will see
it doubled. . ,

In consequence of this city being a great depot
for the produce of the north and west, 1';iW materi-
als fl)l.‘11]'cll'1l1ll.lCi.lll‘e are obtained here at the cheap-
est rates and provisions are lower llllfill in any of
the Atlantic cities. The market is abundant at all
seasons of the year, and is well supplied with all
the necessaries and luxuries of life, at moderate
prices. -

Industrious mechanics, and all men of enterprise
and character, cannot fail to prosper in Albany, as
the means of living are cheap, and the market ex-
tensive—-communicating with almost every section
of the country, in the rcadiest manner. All will
here find an almost certain reward for their excr-

tions; almost every branch of mecliaiiical labor is
or may be carried on at this city to very great ad-
vantage, and no doubt with great success. C-l-ood
water power exists in its vicinity for mills and
manufactorics, and a ready inarket can easily be
found for all products of labor and skill. Vfith the
strong conviction that the 1nterest_of those who
may come to take up their "residence in our city will
be promoted, as well as the prosperity of the city
therebyiincreased, we hope that you will give cir-
culation to this statcrnent, among such as you may
suppose wish to seek in this State additional en-
couragement for their enterprise and industry.-
Rcspcctfully, yours,

ERAs'rUs Conuinc,
Join: TOWNSEND,
TEUN1S VAN Vuciiriiu,
Fa. BLOODGOOD, H- BI-EECKER,
JOHN VVOODTVOIITII, B.«K1~:owi:ii,

S. VAN Rsussemcn, J11. JAS. VANDEVRPOEL,
“.A.UGUS'I‘US JAMES, LEWIS BENED1C’1‘:-
Jas. Srnvmisou. ' ‘ ‘

Tnos. W. OLcoTr,
Jzssn Bui-21.,
GIDEON HAWLEY,

..____._:._____.____.

 

An Address to the Jlfcchanics of Easlon,
Pomzsyl-vaizia, delivered at their request,‘
by JAMES IVIADISON PORTER, on the
4th of July, 1835. 1'

(Concluded from Number 39.)

_ Oliver Evans was originally an appren-
tice to a wagon maker or xvheelwzright.
But he was a boy who thought and read,
and his attention was called to the expan-
sive power of steam by the heating of a
gun barrel in a blacl<smith’s fire, in which
about a gill of water had been confined.
He read and reflected, until he made as
great an improvement in the use pfsteam,
as perhaps any who preceded him. , 4

As steam has been referred to, let us
for a moment advert to the mighty en-
gine it has become in the hands of men.
lls expansive power was known to the
ancients : “ The elegant toys of Hiero—-
the beautiful experiments of Ports. and
4Decaus--the modification of the Greek
machine by the Italian Branca‘--the in-
genious ideas of Hautefeuille, and their
masterly extension and developemeut by
Papin, contain all the rudiments required
for a perfect machine, wanting only to be
touched by the magic hand of some me-
chanical magician, to form a structure of
surpassing ingenuity and semi.omnipotent.
power.” ‘

The total neglect with which these in-
dividual schemes were regardcd, is not
the least extraordinary circumstance in
the history of the steam engine. And
when the Marquis of Worcester, towards
the close of the seventeenth century, made

his first attempt, imperfect as it was-yet’

successful, in applying steam -as 2. moving
power, he was unable to interest the pub.
he in the -matter, and it fellalmost, if‘ not
entirely, into oblivion, until Captain Sa.
VET)’: thirty years allervvards, succeeded
in combining a mechanism in which steam
or elastic vapor was the motive power.

N ewcoinmen carried it somewhat farther.

The improvement thence progressed, un-
til the invention ofBolton and Watts, per.
fected, as was supposed, the system of
condensation, so as to give the greatest
possible power to a given quantity of
steam generated. Our own Fulton adapt.
ed it in practice, the first successfully, to
the propelling of boats, and, in the short
period he lived therealter, not less than

fifteen steamboats were built‘ and put in

use, under his own direction. Suffice it to

say, that it is now used as the motive pow- -

er for almost every purpose. Steam has
added to the productive faculties of Bri-
tain what would be equal to some hun-
dreds of millions of operatives ; and what
has it not done for our own country,
where the price oflabor is higher than in
foreigii countries ’?

Steam and water, by thcaid of im-
proved machinery, are accomplishing won-
ders, and indeed it would seem_that we
knew not where the perfection of ma-
chinery will end. 1‘ This much we do
know, that we must keep pace with the
improvements of tlielimes. Who now
would think of making out nails with the
hand-inachine in use less than thirty years
since? On a recent examinationbefore
the House of Commons in England, it