C “pi-evious.to her changg
,1 »‘\Y.hetl1Cl' the old infill?

.__...
. ,,.-.— 3,.
71-5

MR. PlN,];ALL’SiS:Pl5ECiH.--CGNBLUD1~:D’. '

.._uv‘———-—

 

 ’We have long been convinced that oursis the only ‘fee

country on earth; fhalfille ¢°l°“l¢S.“-d.l3°‘3“.l *0 U3 3‘'3'fl'“'’

' , A-gbj_c,cts of tyranny, cruelty, and oppression, at.a1lt.¢i1ti'cs

wining to become ours by revolt or otherwise. and ill!“
the advantage of snclia c.onnec:(ion _is_ iiicalculablcyto‘
them,  us, however, bewareof the injustice _to xvh.,!_<§l1
 maydbe‘ tempted‘ by national pride. ltjis certalfn
" that Louisiana has been agg-randized by her C0nn¢9$l°1l-
‘ with the United States, but areview of her conditro,n,-
of masters,.may occasion a dlipbt.
tants on whose. behalf the stipula-

"'"circunistances by the ccssil)-I‘):

~_.ti“onsot‘ the treaty were inserted, were l"ml1'1'0_V<’-d if) ll-_}1,'
‘ ‘ The Sp lush gov ,1-

. , men, afibrdgél —‘ the inllabitilitilip their lands gratuito(f_g ,

w.;‘~f,.om (,,4i',-gt-'p‘13¢es,»§vere'alloyved‘ to be taken_ . ‘
—- .i,I-0v'§,.,¢¢gy-._—;'1rht;‘im ortation of foreign rice into 5

» sent or lobe received. Tobacco and all other arti

fly me m-d'.'na;"‘x;l-_‘of 179-3,"the inhabitants of Lo‘uis' 18
and um Florida;-were admitted to a free commerce __.th

Europe and An,ierica.~ No exception as to the artiilées
- V I l 5 8,’

    

the introduction of which into Spain hail bl‘-‘ie,“iP1‘0l1'|'tl3,l
rom

‘-w‘as+prohibit*e‘d forlle avowed ,m-11'P0_i8.“—‘ Of e"<’¢9l1:l'‘1, ,
 its growth‘ in Louisiana and the Floridas; all art_lcles,;l‘Ji-

 porfbd"fl“°“l.§‘Dain to these provinces were free of dilly.

and a drawbacl; of the duties which had been pail {'1'}

 for-cl iirarticlegwas allowed. The articles exported f t. i

.  tlios‘e_-_pi;oviuces1_to S!pain,...werc free of duty,wbethcr 

l , l':§"""‘*'ltain .‘."“l‘:l’.""l“.‘el ti-9luhamtar:t§_ in well‘ rm-rt‘="*..* as

_ west territory,-dated‘ March, 1784-, provides that the

, on the law»s».4-.fl'cCLiIlg‘ the propprty of those -inhabitants.

, for tll_c1nere_ benefit of the inhabitants.

_ “ bulb and _cncmlPagCfll£fflT’lll that oournft‘.M0~fi€‘ll'.,7Jb.l0Cl

gt";-$uniei1,‘:i.n.: $paiu',Lo,i' _ re -‘exported to foreigu_count  s.

Tlie illiliie oi‘dinsuc,c ‘had also provided that a, ip"1"cfere'§C,¢
 ghoul-_lb,_e_ ‘ten to all the _productions of Louisiana god
*._ the Flori‘ as, by prohibiting their importation froni’,f0-

;,

 1-glégn éouiitiies, whenever those provinces should I-0-

dace sufiicigiit quantities for tho consumption of Sp ‘Fl-
"i~‘ll<: govcr‘ " cuts of‘ these. provinces were mild and
=-','-‘f\“gi3c,,;, 11,;-,«'il;g been ‘guided, by apolicy wlilcliyyiflorj (1
;,:§;cugji"ag-litpist llidlfili depredatioii, which hadno l-
.-5, bpen  good fortune of our frontiers. _ 1 ill
.‘ 9' so l“‘were indeed miserable tllevll‘-’3llll‘e3'l'
*5.=l?..P.t-I . ’ i .. ~.
'' ‘ not uuputable to their old _govei1unent.... ll;-e  Ve
div associations, an gwen

  
  

    

-.ced,-_t.,lie'm from tlieirganciéut ,
‘ of-*e‘n:ulat.,io‘ii, by en ag'in.g.~to' couple_thcir<_lestin_v (in the
. l-.u~.g.uagc oft-iovernor Claiborne) with on own unclaim-

‘pied’ prosperity, and the world must no witness with
what diietgi-icy or ill faith, wearc to meet he deinzuid for
a poi-forn.ance of our compact.
- , . _ . _ ~ ‘ ' ¢.
How is ll, Sll‘, that this grivelnrneiit
bit slavery in the country west;o_f_ the

‘’ ‘goveimzzem knew in the;ac_quisitloii~

._ (lie pctii‘ile .Ilicld_ slaves, byr ‘-1116 equ.
tlleil-‘ claim" to their lands apll cattle. _ p
can govei-zinient previoush w ell k: w, that species of
property ii“:-.t~=met with exziaurdinai ' encouragement by
tile :3pal;isli’7autlioi'i-ties‘; fbr, the lm ortation ofslavcsin-

_ to L(iu.s‘iaiia.lia(i been admittt-d ire of duty, and even

it-lie -exportation: ofsilvcrito purclias slaves was tolerated,

   
    
  
  
 
 
   
 
   
 

tempts to prohi-
ississippi ? Our
the country t.hat
lly legitimate with
udeed, the Ameri-

. ~‘ g,«‘m;1yqsegulauoii‘s $t't:l'(.‘. know n to o r g‘overnme,nt,as ap-

Pwmby ,p_e.leltt:1' of Mr. a‘uort,tii American minister
“.7 Mill‘.-1‘-‘llilt l-ll‘-Ultrp Sec:-Qtai-y’ of State, ated the first Jutly,
 ,17*.i,'_:,.i ,Also, bepsitles the land grant ' to emigrants, or
 culiivafloli and iliiproveuieiits, an ad itional qua_iittityivv'a::
ri-ax._tt’.-‘cl to the master for every sla removed in o Lou-
‘ %3l2{l:,l}y._ '1 he Spanisu treaties with rilellldl3l1l1'll)(3S‘l_l£|(.l
niitiiceflectual provision for the a iplie security oftlic
p,1“U,it;‘!,‘.t) on tiiesavage l'ro‘ntier,-  manifest ‘by the
'tre'.u_ie's oi 17t$-l-,bctweeii the tap msli authrirlties and
the l‘al_lapucli-.—., Cluckasiiw, Cboct ,and other frQn_tIe1'
Il'll)€lll: uni; 5fi()\;‘l‘lll]iClil was app:-zed cg‘ thL“*§*: tr:€3|C3;
our ii.mistel- ‘at I» adrid having ti’s'n iiitte copies 0 sun
to th,e_’:;rcrcta,ry of State, in 1793 and indeed the trea-
' ‘ty.oi"ol' 1795 bc‘tw_een Spain and the United States, in
its filth article, has‘ a recognition (if, or at least reference
to, those lndi.-in L:'t:atlL8. ’ _
The Anierican government, wifh full knowledge of,a".l
the circumstances to which 1 have ‘referred, expressly su.
pulateu in the treaty," by which it acquired Louisiana, that
tile iimabztams would be nlaintuinedlandpratected in thefree‘
enjoyment oft/iezrproperzy. Yet the amendment oftlle
gentlenian from blew York, aims to yauquish shat pro-
perty. This clause of the treaty ha-,,ui my humble opin-
ion, oeci. greatl)’ maltreated in the speech delivered at
the last session, in one brilncii of Congress, by an honor-
able memuer from one of the most populous states. of
tlie‘Uuion._  cannot be improper ‘to have an allusion
to it now; as its scntinieiits are not (lll'lt.l'Cl1l'.' from thosc
espoused by the restriclionists, in support of this amend-
m,-,,,;_, g; uaasaid, and is yet -urged, that the stipulation

let _..".i  "ll I,',L‘3l-3",. -
This iii

nu-dly attempt to shelter‘ our governinent froml
ostimport of HS own obligation, and from what
would i’ ave, con its duty, without express stipulation, is
too ifellludspted to excite a feeling, in which  Silllll not
p:.ini’.t m_ selfto indulge. , The inliaouaiits ol Louis.-aua
gwill n-.itu_rallj ask theuiselves how this conipoi-ts with the
proli. s.~;ions_ ofuie Liiicf i‘~‘lagistrate of the buion, wuo, in
auuouuciigig our possession of the country, Ct)l4gi'21luia'u¢.‘U
the nation on the acquisition ofnew brethren to pa:-tal~:e'
of tllt: Ul€SSll;gs of freedom and self"-government.
. must an-i.ve at the melancholy couclus.on, that we consi.
(lcr die U‘,C‘.lt) of ccssioii, as Ztl‘llClL8 of capitulatiou of ii
.f".lllen Cllciiliay l\or, as articles-of Capitulation, could we,
in C0*lSC.lClu.L‘, insist for tliis limited, or ratlier iiiairgli.-d,
interpretation. has oi. a robber, H110 nad received his
black nmil, or extorted revenue, on a proiniselliac l.c
would not depri-dale 3 our property, would be ills-gs act.-it
aluoug his colillf-lites, by .‘i_qttlbuit~: or pieteuce tiiat you
tvcre only to be Said in your pi-op«.i't_v to day, bu. ‘that
to-iiiuri-ow \\';‘l:$ a Lllflltltlll tiling.‘ To what t..0ll(llllUll

  
  
 

would society he reduced if public assurances for thel

pro'.ectioii ol pi-opeity, -only applied to the property
lieluat the li'istaotf,_- Ever.’-y~ barter or exchaugl; of pi..-
perly , vi uuitl exel'np'. utfgfrom the protection. Clnldren
\\ oulu not be t.‘l&i.lldt.‘\lAl.0 the benefit ofthe treaty, ifoorn
'.lfte.=' its date. and all who became inhabitants or citi-
zens after its date, would be excluded from the treaty

Tue} ,

 
  
 

ti-act, (filler consent, as will -, seen by the resolution
of the"old Congress,, of July th 7th, 1786. Yet the ad-

‘ vocates of restriction do not th k of applyingeither to

France or the inhabitants of uisiana for consent, -t_0l
the exercise of regulations A ch repeal the treaty of
cession. This nation, whether onsidered with regard
to its municipaliustitutions, or p' chagacter arising‘ from
its diplomatic, intercourse, is its last from which the-
world could expect adisregaid >f' public faith, by a vio-
lation of the lawful and pre-e ."“tiug relations between
the [1E‘.l.“. ile of Missouri and their laves. - - l '
Previous to the treaty of ces on, it was known .to all
the world that these states re_c_,_ mzed slaves as proper-’

‘ ty, and, indeed, that the p0llllCl_“l)t)l1'(l which knotted to-

gether‘ their l interests and ener es, had some of its most
conspicuous features .in -an adju meut of its proportions

W to the interests or rights-of slave‘, loltlers.

The first essay by this gover neut, of its diplomatic
correspondence with any Europcaii nation, after the it.
doption of the. constitution, is fo lid in_ an effort to obtain
from the British government lompcnsaiion for slaves
carried-off by the King’s troops,-‘tin evacuating the coun-
try, for wliicli [quote the. correspondence of-the Presi-
dcin of the United States with ioveri~.cur- Morris, (our
confidential agent in E-ur_.ope,_i,n. 789. Our governm'el§t.
in l: 91, through the agency of.‘ r. Seagrove, its public
commissioner, negotiated ‘with’ the Governor of East Flo-
rida, to issue such proclamations land permanent orders
as would prevent fugitive Slaves -_-from the United States
from taking shelter in Florida; and our treaties with
the bordering Indiaunatidns have made effectual pro-
vision against the violation of property in slaves, for
which, see the treaties with the Delawares, Cherokees,’
Chickasaws, Creeks, and other nations.

The inhabitants of Louisiana, before the icession, had
acquired at real portion oftheir slaves from the United
States, for s aves were considered and protected as pro-
perty, on both sides of the Spanish line, andthe erfligrants
from the United States found the additional rlantity of
granted land they eoulil acquire for every slave, made
theirremoval adv aiitageoiis. Who, then, under these
ciimlinistances, would have thought the property ofslzlves
insecure, by the provision in the. treaty for the mainte-
,-nance and security ofproperty .9 Anterior to the treaty
of cessiou, the citizens of the:ol<l United States received
large sums of money for slaves sold’-allld transported by
the avenue of the Mississippi, to __ Louisiana, and had
the treaty preserved a total silence, with regard to the
protection of property, it would be irreconcileable with
justice that we should first scll those .-slaves to the inha-
bitants, and. after securing, the pi-ice,proceed to emanci-
pate them, or lessen their utility or value by emancipat-'*
ing their descendants. We are asked. to bind, limit, or
manacle the proposed state of Missouri. Are we to do
so because we are more trus?-w-'iirtl.ly respecting their
own interests than themselvesg? VVc have legislated over
the people of that territory for 17 years, and during. all
that time our humanity slurnbered. ,- We soffcrttl slaves
to pass the Mississippi, and thereby enhanced the price
of our lands ; and in proportion as. we anticipate the
closing the land,_sales, and the cessation of ourinterest in
permitting slaves to go, our humane sympathies are ex-
cited, until we at last become so willing to prohibit slave-
r_-.', that we contemplate a new sort of state, with only a
portion of the features and capacities retained by the 0-
ther p3.1‘ll6S~t0 our great compact. ‘ «
1 will now give attention to what gentlemen who favor
the restriction have urged, on tlieiscore of" precedent.
They say they are autllorized, from tll‘e;Tt’S'd‘lCll0llS impo-
sed on Uhio, Indiana, and Illinois, to.build the power of
Congress to adopt the amendmentof the gentleman from
New York, on precedents. Prccedeuts may be useful to
impart to free government uniforin and stearly nerves,
and to guard against the encroacliments ,of prejudice and
passion. Tliere can, however, be no precedent in rela-
tion to the powers of our national compact, of such anti-
quity as to acquire any great portion of authority when
unaccompanied by demonstrations of their orthodoxy;
for the constitution was only adopted in 1767, since
winch, and uutiltliis winter, the history and journal oftlle
convention have been sjecret. But, in subscribing to the
authority and utility of precedents, it should be remem-
bered that they are not to transcend their legitimate
sphere. When a ‘jurisdiction, power, or autliority, is
found, or known to exist, precedents are interposed, that
it may not be perverted by the use ofarbitmr} discretion;
but this jurisdiction or power must be sliewn to exist be-
fore we admit its. need of pi-ecedt-nts for-its regulation.
All attempt is here made, not to regulate the powers and
_business of Ciungress by pre(‘.e(lents,"b,ut to dl'l'lV€ those
1 owers also from the same source. If precfllems were
' - f'V‘TU1I7.CI"UC rmfuisis llISn€\i’lfig‘tliat tlli‘ statel'egii¥ilatili:'es
con d pass bankruptlau-‘s, (which they have alwavs done ).
although the supreme tribunal has lately declaretl a dif-
ferent opinion ?

the Union be established, although denied by the most
respectable authorities in the states? indeed, the ad-
missim of precedent as authority on such topics would
ripen the Confederacy into that condition, at no verv dis-
tant pcriod, in which it might be asserted that tlltidptlvr.
ers of Congress, like those of the British l’arlialnent, had
their base inpreccdent, and not in the grants ofour writ-
ten coustitulion. 1 am, however, wrong in \v:1Sl.ing'lime
in exceptions against the improper use of precedeiits;
f‘or., with an admission that precedents could as well have
lplace in giving birth to political power as in the regula-
tion cfconfvs .ed powers, the restrictionisis will acquire
-llotliing serviceable to them, b(,‘Cl.lllS€ precedents are in
no case valuable, unless considered as adjustuients, on
lilature.g.leliberation, of contr sted questions‘; wlicreasthe
people of Uhio, Indiana, and llll|l()lS, l.a_vil2g COllS€ntC‘.(l to
filithe regulations sought for by Coiiigrt-ss, and those re.
gulations being called into existelice,a_s it wen-, by th.,,.,,.
request, the question of the power cl‘ (,‘()ng*rg-53 was not
ldisputed or discussed. It is ailsnittedlllat the people of
Missouri are unwilling to be restricted, and the qlltjgtllpn
mow first presents itself, as to our constitution-.il power to
impose the restriction without their consent.

and lroiii the rig-h'.s_ ofcillztjns. Their lands are not se.
CltlliglV()lllCl“\Vl.S€-lliilll dieir slaves, and would, therefore,‘
bcg;.sui_.jeol. to the san‘ic_contiscatioli. ’l‘he same inter.
pi-elation, if_j,appued to that portion of the federal consti-
tution which secures private pr0pe1't_V', would only afford
protection to the property held In l7_87, when the col.
stitutio;n.—was made, and, by the same rule, we must be
deprived‘ of all authority over the territories, for the
. clause giviiig L0 Congress authority to_ make ueedful
rules and regulations to govern and dispose of the telli-
tories, being adopted in l787, could not be extended to
Louisiana, acquired afterwards. A free government pro-up
tects or affects the property of its citizens, tlirougli Lnc
medium of its laws, and, in tmt respect, has a discre-
tionau"y power to make, alter, and repeal those laws. “i"lic
soverelsgn authority makes treaties’ as well as laws, and if”
such l,re_aty contains a promise to maintain and protect
prop,e'rt._i',,it evidently relates’ to the discretion of the
, sovucigii, -togrhake laws»af’l'ec.t'mg‘ property, and‘ includes
A it pledge  the continuaiicle...of't;lic,,,l;i_p(s;,_untlei-
Iivfiiit-u property islield and protected. But, if the inf'i'a.c,-
y -tibial of s_l_lCf'l/tii"t"‘t1li-y be’ designed, the sovereign authorilyj
--‘pliocveds to inflpair or alter the laws for the protection of
pi-openly, and has no other means of violating such a
treaty; .  _ V ..
Vt e violate the freaty of tzession, ifwc repeal the laws
ofLouibiai;a, which mamtaur and protect their propti-ty.
.Fraiice,ei'u‘1T62, ceded this same pros "nice of Louisiana
to Spain, by a treaty, with injunctions for the protection
of prop'ert_v ; and, in. proof of the sense entertainecl by the
parties, .of the import of that treaty, I iefer to the letter
of the King of F/stance to_L’.-tbhadie, the -commandant
of the iroviiice, Ll) (lcll'Vt:!"tlp the possession, and ex.
pressing. the ~;ki.ug’s expectation that the magistracy
would cnllllflue ‘to administer justice according to me
law~s,.fbi'ni-s,.aild usages, ofthe colony. 

[as articles of compact between the 0,

1 Congress thus to restrain the new Stltgsp

10 impose on the people of a state a constitution not dic-

,meut oftlie tern-itory whilst a tci-ritill-‘)_f;'dgpendem on the

1 The view which I have submitted sf fl‘l(:{':%, in mv hum-
‘ble opinion, to shew that the positiiiu '£l.‘.~'S‘.lIl‘.(‘.d‘l)\~' the
restrictioiiists is not susceptible of aid from precedents,
and if it was, that there are no legitimate or l)l'()pe_I' P.-C.
cedents to aid it; and here] \'»follltl'l;giu-i1]g,,_L- H, res, tms
topic, were ‘it not for the strange and"PbJ(3CTltlll3l)lC inf',,;--
ooces which gentlemen striveto cledirce from the nrdin;
slice of 1787, for the govei'iii1ierit.(ifZilie territory llnrth.
‘west of the Ohio river. The 4th siltion ofth.-it Ol'(.ltl‘i.
ance declares -‘ That certain a1'ticlesfsliall he considered
inal states and the
people and states of that territol‘y,,gin<l f(lrc\‘er 1».-U-m,,i,»,
unalterable, unless by common C0llS§llt :” and the 6:}; 3,»-
ticle declares, " There shall be neiier slavery /or mm}-
untary servitude in the territory.” 

Gentlemen insist that this articlei‘-‘estminecl the people
of Ohio, and the other states formed ‘m that u-1-I-‘mu-V,
from adopting any provision inconsistent with it in their
-state constitutions, without the cougent of Coligrcss, and
at the same time afforded an instance of the authority; of
. _ _ This a.sp¢—.-.ct.u1‘.’,
the ordinance is certainly plausible at first view, but not
dangerous; for the idea ofa power in Congress not only

“ted by» 0" g"°“il"g ‘Wt Of the fetlteral compttcl. but to
impose such arbitrary constitution on people b;'fol‘e
they have sprunginto existence, as wastlie case with re-
gard to the then future or expected corhmmunilies ofoluo,
lndiana, and Illinois, is apt to shock the imagination ‘ind
u’ N. ‘ . ' V ‘ . , C

stimulate such furllicr enquiry as musy olnmtc the e,.m,.‘
I contend that the bth article of tlle*»ordinance whale.
ver be its mode ofexpressiou, was tenl’ orary in fts oper-
anon,’ and onl_v intended to be ailuplfd for the govern.
legislation of Congress, and would have been I -’ '
1 _ __ r , , ,, iopart of
tie state (.()llSlllllll0H of (Him, unlessthe free adop.

Wlghelcessionf by \"irgi:.na, to Congress, of A the north.

French, inhabitants, and other settlers of the Kaskaskias,
St. V"-luceiits,‘ and lueileigiiboring villages, who had pm-
ft-ssed tl'l(‘lll>‘L.l\’t.'S citiztns of Virginia, should have their
ppnpe,-.y gccured, and be protected in the enjoyment of
ti eir rights and liberties. T
'Wheu Congress, by the ordinance of 1787, establish.
ed laws for the govermnelit--of’the terrtory, it expressed
aproviso tllattbcy should not be construed to.iiifi_*,ing~¢

lnthe same cessioii, from Virginia, there were other an.
pulations required, on the part of Cong;-css, in re-lath,-,,
too, to the mereguiv-alitagg of tlielnlialiitaiits of the ceded‘
toci'ito.i:y,-iii.like manner as the stipulations in tlie»..«_.¢,,3,;;¢',,,
from Fiance . COI‘.lalll€‘(l clauses for the. protection-
rlf , prilperty and for incorporation in the Unitiii,
llut, w lien -Con-
gress became (ll six-nus to exercise a more ample disci-e.
tiuu.@5 10 UN: C-ll'Cllmsuul(.‘.cS under which the new.-slatesv
",""=.l.l0l"«.ll~1~« est. to.-l'rito1'y should be admitted, it made i

themselves in all respects

existed between Congress
communities‘fomiing in the territory, being destined for
free, states, and Congress having only atemporarv power
over the territory, '
such circumstances,.could desire to make an everlastin

regulation-..no, not even by the ,c.ons‘_em omhe peo. le

‘i|.'llO were not the! in being, ' "

tion ofthc people of that state. To  it {ms ;mc..,.p,.e_
tation consists brill, with the oblig-a:j(,,]«g m.C(mg,.(.S_q, and
the peculiar relation between lCongres‘s‘a"u“(l the territory.
It will consist, in the first place. with the obligation in-
CuI'!‘€d by Congress in the acceptanceof the cession of
the t€I‘I‘1I0ry from ‘:l_l‘g‘ll'll3, the deed of cesslon l,‘,,ving

gross and the new states, w'erc.to remain perpetual.

‘relations of interest between the general government

. How easy also might the obligation of-'
the state magistrates and judges to execute the laws of

.i.PemitVme now, air, to be a moreparticular examina-
tion of the 0rdinsnce~of' 178 {and a view of its parts in
thcirjust distribution. The ordinance comprellends,
1st,: A Constitution and bill of rights ; . ‘

2dly. Provisions for the creation. of new states ; and,

» :3dly. A recognition of\the mutual .iut_¢l'e-Sts and.rela-
tions which shall subsistbetween the new states and
Con ress‘. _ ~ _ » _ ,

- . T. 16-. W0 first parts, the constitution and bill of rights,
and the provisions for the birth of'\J‘l8W States. were in-
tended as teinpprary regulations. Tlie third, or the part-
in I‘el8ll0n to the respective or mutual interests of Con.

1st. The ord_'m:ince comprehends a constitution and,
bill of rights. The constitution is found in the erection
of a territorial government. In prescribing the respect.
ive departments of that government,as that there shall be
a governor to beappointed by Congress_,‘w-‘lie should have
the appointment of magistrates and clvll 0ll‘lC€1'S; that
there. $l10l1’-ld be a general assembly, to be elected b
the frec White male inhabitants of the countiespand town-
ships,to serve for the term of two years; that there
should be a legislative council, to consist of 7a certain
number, and appointed as therein prescribed; that the
council and general assembly should liavc_-. legislative
powers, subject, however, to the negative of the go.
vet-nor; that there should be a secretary, V ju‘dge_S, &c. ;.
that there should be no law afl't_‘ctirg. private 'contra<%ts
nor Contrary to the ordinance, &c. Here, then, we lluve
a territorial government, with legislative, executive, and
judiciary powers; but the ordinance affords more. The
framers of this territorial constitution were men f-lsllltln.
ed after the manners and notions of our Englisli auces.
tors, who have always conceived that a grant or recog-
nition of legislative power should be accompanied by it
mugna charm, or bill of rights, declaratory of certain

'WlllCll, atall events, was not intende 

gpponcllls, asvavpi-oof that the articlfi

Y claimed and exercised the power of changing osmodify.

.:no»cllange of constitution should be made, excent on the

     
  
  
  
 

have any effect,‘ a
clause or precept;
lllc service of our
0l._the ordinance,

as it contains. nothing like “an enactin.
has, nevertheless, been pressed int

thus prefixed," became is part of the ,
states to be.thereaf'ter formed in the
ple wlio,.as.y.e_t, had no existence.  V ‘
scssing but a limited and temporary  tliority, might ex.
ercise that authority _wi_thV exal-tedi-ff nd commendable
views,-or, indeed, might form an exp tion that its tem-
porary authority could be so exercise t“-‘during the infan.
cy of the western settlement, as to fiticite moral semi.
ments an.d habits in the people, cal ’
.to.prod_uce a relish for institutions whl h were .considered
desirable by men of fashion in the political World. ‘But

  

most enlarged pow ers. pass ‘laws to be irrevocable by its
successors, much less by the people in conventon. Con-
gress, during the colonial condition of the tarritories,

ilig‘".tl'ie constitutions of the territorial; governnents, in-
stances of which are found in the acts of February 26th,
,1;8u8; March Sci, 1811;. aucl-M-ay_2l.,tli, 1812. It was,
tilt-:1-’€f()l'(~>, politic to afford emigrants Can assimnice that

basis of certain principles. This assurance is given by
Congress, being one party, and was obligatory on that
‘party. The preamble speaks of laws and cons;itutions,
icoiiisitlering them as synonymous. It immediately follows
the constitution made by Congress for the territory, and
evidently had no relation to state consti.tlitions,for the
contemplated states are not referred to in the preamble,
nor had they been mentioned in any previous part of the
0l‘(_lll’lal’lC(’.. "l‘li.e preamble declares that the. aiticles of
the ordinance shall remain uualterable forever, unless by‘

f'undarpe,ntal principles, by whigh those entrusted with
such important power should be guided. 'l’he'y there-

fore furnish in the ordinance a bill of‘ rights, which, like

similar declarations therétofore adopted by manyof the

states, was "an imitation of-the declarations of ma_ _na,_
charta, and of the bill of rights of the first year of Wil-

liam and Mary. ‘Va accordingly find it provided that

the people/shall be entitled to the habeas corpus, trial by

jury, representation, judicial proceedings according to

the course of the common law; that bail should be al-

lowed,—lines be moderate, cruel or unusual punishments

not inflicted; that no man should be deprived of liberty

or properlybut by-the judgment of his peers or the laws

of the laml,E;c. .

2d. The ti-dinance has provisions for the creation of
new states, which are found in the 5th article, prescrib-
ing the time’ and circumstances in which the new states
should be firmed. » ‘I
3d. The ordinance contains a recognition of certai,u

and thenewslates, which is found in the 4th article, and
were inteiidedto remain perpetual. But an exainiliation
of the provisiois of the 4th article (which all willagrce
was to be pcrpetmll) will prove the just caution croon-
gress in absmiyiig from all pretence of binding those
people after t e period designed for their emancipation.
For these per etual provisions are mere declarations of
the obvious ri his and obligations, which would at all

._the ordinance, sufficiently manifest, in the recital of the
successive provisions, which are applicable to the territo- -
Thus, the clause requiring j

cl,)mlIlO}l consent. Yes forever, if youplcase; for there
ale rights and interests depending ontlie force and obli-
ftiou of the temporary laws of Congress, W_lfilCll must
I ‘e forever :- such are the g‘l‘uuts of laucl, and promises
public advantages to the iuliabitants; but with whom
did Congress make this compact of several articles ? The
ordinance answers the questiontz -“..’*.Witli—the in/zabz'tam.v
qftlie te2'rz'tury, and the fitture s-title-‘5‘ t0’be f0rn':ed,,t‘lierein,”
for so it says. Such of the provisions, (lien. as. l'I‘0m
their nature, could only be applicable to? the £81‘I‘it0r_I_I,
and such as were expressly applied by Congress only to
the territory, would, of necessity, expire when the terri-
torial goverumeut should cease to exist, whilst such pro-
visions as were applicable to the future states would re-
main. An attention to the pliraseology of the articles of

ry and which to the states.
the -payment of a portion of the federal debt of the
Union, expressly speaks of the people of the territory,
and also of the new states. 'l‘he inhibition against inter-
fering in the disposal of the soil, not only speaks’ of the
-._tc«rri_toi'ial government, but of .the new sta.‘cs. In the re-
cognition of the subjection of the people to the old cou-
fecleracy of the Union, not only the territory, but the

p~1‘0\‘isions of articles of the ordinance which 1 have in-
sisted are temporary, and in the nature of a bill of rights,
and mark the difference in phraseology. As when the

events have overned their mutual relations, if not in-
serted in the rdinance, although expressed to remove '
doubts and  e assurances to those who might feel con-~
..c_Cl'n€(l; such/as, tliat the new state should for ever re-
main a part ofthe confederacy; that the inliabitants should
contribute their portion of the national debt; that the
new" states snbuld not interfere" with the primary disposal 1»
of the soil, qr tax the lands of the United States; the
clause also declaring that the navigable rivers should be
common big wa_vs,.;»was the proper result of the 4th arti-
cle of the ol act of confer‘;-ration of the states. V
That so ch of the ordir.ance‘as l have designated ‘
under my 2d llesixl. which prescribes the time and manner
in which the slew states shall be formed, was int":-.nded, to
be temporary, and expire with its execution, wlienever
the territory llecame competent to form a state govern-
ment, will not be questioned. _ ,
That so much of the ordinance contained under my
first division  created a constitution for the territorial
governmentnlss only intended as a temporary provision,
is also evident, as no one will ‘ct-intend that the territorial

constitution ' if departments could continue after the
formation of state constitution and government. That
so much of the ordinance (arranged also under my first,
rhead) as is resolvable into a bill of rights, is ‘temporary

with r(‘g‘ard to duration, would seem to follow the ad-
lmiS.Si0".-£l3=it stlisx ‘tonal C.9I,lStltugiQ{Lb>T%=5-.$§$QDli‘li'xi§§
that the objectfaull use of the bill of rights was a declar-
ation for greater certainty of the great principles which
was to govern the exercise of the powers granted by the
constitution. The bill of rights would then only retain
its being, _\vhils_t tliecoiistitutiovl, to. which it is a predi-
_<‘»at€. remained in force, which would of course be dur-
ing the continu:iuce‘of the territorial government, and
no longer. But, as my immediate object now is to arrive
at the result that the bill of rights was‘ ‘not binding on
the people of Ohio after their cr.,~uipetenc_v to form a state.
constitution, my purpose will be as well accomplished
by the suggestion of an idea not so intimately connected
with duration. ‘" \ ‘

Bills of right, or tlcclarations of right, have been re-
sorted to by our auoiveslors, to secure'thcms'elves against
the abuse or opprqssion of legislative or executive au-
tho:'itv_es. They wqe the bonds of the sovereign, held
by tlicpeople, as a {once against him. They confi-,m~ecl
no legislative or tax cutive powers; but, so far as they
operated, constrain6:i those powers, '|‘hey d;fl‘,;-red from
QUI‘ modern i_iriiuricgu constitutions, as an imperfe-.".t docs
fl'*m_'l_ 3 Ptrfect rig‘uL,or obligation,or as a moral obligation
is duferent from a legal obligation ; for ifthe bill ol'ri.g-ms

t_ln.- constitution be transcended, its legal operation is
felt by auil’t.illilig the excess of authority. ' '

As a bill of riglits imposes no obligation, exccpton the
g-pvt.-rninent,noue other can violate it. The people can
\l0l:lle no obligation in relation to it, for they are under
no such obligation. it is a schedule of their rights, not
of their tltlilts; those riglits which our ancestors were
us‘-CCl_ to say “doth appert-.-in to the people ofthis realm.”
Wm’ ¢‘."eI‘.lleartl of the people being bound bl: a bill of
rigll s? p ’ ‘ _'; _ —

_ (j't‘nl-lcmeu will have observed that the llll‘€(:-l"0l(li (li-
vision to which I have resorted is sufficient to compre-
hend the whole of the ordinance of17;»37; and‘ we 1;,“-6
only to enquire to which of the three respective heads
is Elle Gil] article, ilihlbitillg‘ Sla\’(,‘l‘}’, ref'eral)le. It is not
_.r«.--feralile toithe third head, which comprehcnds those
interests, claims, and obligatiozis, which arise out of the
relations between Congress and the new states. The
oliligatloll to discllarge a portion of the federal debt, to
e1-;euipt public lands from taxation, and open the naviga-
ble rivers to the whole cmitinent, &c, were ,,},j¢.Cts'af,
fecting the ‘ pervirauelit l‘(:latl0ns to the general govern-
ment; but xvhether slavery should exist in that countrv,
llkctlle provisions '.>f~tl.e liabcas corpus, jury trial, 
_(>_ul_v cong§{_ge~dwtli;i,l,;lcrmporaryp connexion sprillgiu;-3 _l‘rom,
‘find Cmlsoqueliily Vca‘pirmg with, the territorial depen-
ueno}-’. -, -* . .

l ll'clV€-9 m_0l‘90,V€-I‘; Sll<““'I1, that, in a(ljusti:ig' all other
I‘ClaUOHS Of llllC‘._"e"t-ll.‘ and obligation between Congress
and the NEW States, (which class of provisions I admitted
tp be perpetual) (3<.vligr('ss confined themselves to a mere
C-<=Cl:ll"-ltloll 0I‘_recognuion of rights and duties; which
\'V‘>|iltl l'l=3"C €'Xi6'tetl altlmugh the Urtll-?l3liCe had been si._
l¢‘~|ll-- ll‘, Ulclclbre, the 6th article, containing a new and
&llltl'lt1f'llall\'C inandaze, be fol-ced in the same class, it.
would furnish a.'manifest auoznalisin. The inhibition of
5liiVC1‘,\‘ l‘--lo‘ H0 Ctlmiectiou it ill} the second division of'tli'e"
"”'tll“=1=‘IC€‘a Wlllclloiily reg:.il:.tes the cre.a.tion of new state 5...‘.
“Nil tllt‘ “Tot ll("4tl c.(inipi-clielirls the inhibition. "it is 
l”l..6:l' apart of tll_,e constitution or of the bill of righ_t_s_.
I01-lllil U1 '-he Ofllinallce, nor is it material which ; f'.n~, ifit”
be a clause oftlie consfnution, its operation was to 1'61‘:
8‘:-l'3lII NIL‘ lCl'3'll_0l‘l£ll~ legislature from the tolei-ntion or
5l1'*“¢*T,‘_'a3_-lid Cxpn-ed with the government to \Vlllt_‘.l1 it
J-;‘?‘~"t= l1m1lS- But‘, if it is to be considered a portion of.
“*6 lllll 0l'1'lt-f.'llt-riltlexgiirerlwith the extiiictioii oftne powers

provided that_ the states _to be formed in the territory
bllfllfltl. be (hstmct, republican. states, alldailynitted "mm,
be-I‘3 0l the federal bnion, having the same rights of sove.
1'€lB‘"lYs freedom, and independence, asthe other states
which they would not have, unless pérlfiitted to goverxi

where no; restrained‘ by the
I say, in the second ‘ place, mg; the
b(‘.St COIlSl5l_3  relations whicll
“"1 ‘he l‘3l"‘ll0I')’; for the

federal obligation,
interprets-lion, I give

it “as film‘ l""‘5ll'“+'*§lC Collgrcss, in

or in a condition to do any

'-on to Virginia, being the other partjzlo the con-

liing which would bind the .f'_u.ture pebple Of the country

assembled in convention.

to ill hicli it was annexed as a res‘u-aint, whether we are to"
lmik fill‘ llW5L‘ P0’tVers in the territorial government, or‘
131 illfi t€fUP<’{l'3l'_y autlicirity of Congress to legislate ovér
tllfi‘ <:ouMry 1“ NS territorial grade, and, indeed, as air-
‘"llf31€ ‘Pl Alli}-‘ bill of rights, never had any force against
the people tncmselves. H A . "

l he preambleto the articles in the ordinance, expresses’
P168 Of CW” and religious li.berty,;which form the basis
,WhCl‘€U“ lllC5€,1.&‘-publics, theirlaws, and constitiilions,
areperected; toll): and establish those principles as the

f0I‘eV€‘I' hcrezlfter shall be formed in the territorv, act?

lliabeas corpus, jury trial, Etc. are secured, and excessive

‘tuition of the United States and the l*‘rer.ch treaty are

was transcended, the excess was morally wrong; but, if

the Ul<)‘f-lV'<?S 1-'0 be; for extending the fundamental pi'incii;. t

basls of all laws, ,co’nsl.itt1tions, and governmen s, wlli;cl_i- '

bail, cruel «punishments, Sac. prohibited, the inliabitants of .
‘the territory are only mentioned; not a word is there said
of new states. ,Turu, also, to the 6th article, which inhi-
bits slavery; it speaks of the territory, and says not a syl-
lable of new states.  -- ’
Iliave not iutended5to dwell upon other objects con-
nected with this question, because, being convinced that
Congress has no powei‘ to impose the’ restriction,» and
that, if it had power, a reference to the -faith of solemn

obligations would compel us to negative the present at- >

tempt, it would seem superfluous, if not " idle, to trave
into the expediency of the measure. But;'if the Consti-

both -in favor of the power you now attempt to exercise,
it would remain for the fiicndsof this government to de-
cide ou the policyof restraining the liberty of the peo-
ple and states, by a too copious use of powers which li-ave
hitherto been dormant. Any attempt to reform the man-
ners or character of the people, by extirpatiiig slavery,
or by other means, will, at any time, be founda task, the
performance of which will bringyus ir.to:collision with
long rooted prejudices, as well is local jealousies, and
must draw the government from that loftly and impartial
stand which it ought to sustain as the arbiter of differ-
 o

lated, in the'end',' A

Congress knew, that it could not, in the exercise of its '

‘rope, together with 

.states to be formed zhereizz, are spoken of. But turn to the‘

were in-formed"last"yéh’r by the Chaii-man’of‘ thecommit.
tee on thcslave  that -the im oi-tation of slaves had
been found profitllliles avcn by s ' erillg the laws 0f'Con-.
gress to be executed, and submitting to the‘ ‘udgment of
the court in prosecutions under them. Welxre not enti-
tled tlrtalk of the inefiicacy of our ordinary powers,
from hence to inferan authorityto ourselves incompfl
ble with, the ‘iiite-rests -of many of the ‘states, until we
shall. have fully exercised those. powers, and cured the
defects of our past legislation. .

"[m':Un‘a'rr. T0 or. coN'r1:rUr=i).]

; ~ -    I -=niu.'riMons,, JUNE 2.
The Exchange was opened yesterday to the
public fpr the t_rausacti.on, of commercial and
other ,busiuc,ss,; ‘and,  conformity with the agree.
ment ‘previousl'y -entered into,lthc elegant Hall
prcsented‘to>‘the "view,.—between- the hours of 12
and 1 o'clock,‘-'a» largcm(~i»iicourse of men ofbusp
ness-, COI1gl’¢.ga~£Bd9 fr».0m~ every partof the city. All
present s~'cl'e...col\.!iI1cc.d 01?-tllc great utilityand
convenience, of t,ho,1)lan of liolding aiiulilie Ex:
‘change every clay _-a:'t_a fixeclliour ;.and it is evi- if
dent that a punctiia‘i"attenda'nc,c”cannotfail to pro- \
duce the greatest facilities in‘-the transaction of
business generally. , a   — .

Being the first day of the .op,eniug, but little
was doncfon ’Cha~nge,,it being r-egarrled rather as
a day of general introduction than one of regular
business‘. ‘ i - " ' 

W'c would deem it an act of injustice to Mr.
Escavaille wcl‘._el we to pass without’ notice the
Reading, and Refres_hm,ent;- lloo-,1n9,"~9i:tta.;,clietl to
the Exchange, and  ed up j,¢ii'der his direction.‘
In the News Room‘  to be found filesofpapers»
from all‘ parts of th  ‘nlon, and also from Eu-
rices currents, ,shi”p'ping~
lists, txc. placed’ in st‘ .11 order that r_caders-do
not atall interfere wit lpacli other. «I_nclee,cl,, the
whole arrangements qfggtbotli . rooms are: markied
witha combination (if, convenien.cc and taste‘
highly creditable to Mr; E and according fully

with the other parts of‘ tliis. elegant edifice.

   
  
 

-----v-—~ « l

. r V . ,   %fruovi,nEscE§’-;FE-n. lo.

_ Hats.--I,n the.yr.,ar [8 ,7, ,\v.as.c,oniputed by‘
well iiifeiriiiccl, m_‘6‘l.l_,“fl)!£if._Ii,‘l«.1l;§g§Ofllld value of near
1?0aQO0,O0Q dollars‘ were f,anli‘u-ally 1 niaiiufactiiifiecl
in the Uiiited ’s‘aue:ts:” li'llli’t‘)’;tlc“ll,'islancl' alone flir-
oishcd to the a.-mm-int of ‘2~50',OGt_)‘il(illlars’,- in fine
l--‘ills: besides felts to a~,;very great value. The
.~ amount imported Vexcced-ed~,. the amount exported
by 25,0,QO0. But this branchvof. trade has at last
Zbecome truly flotirishing; Fiointbe.'.best"infox-
rnation illilt can be obtaine(T,“the value oftlie ex-
ported hats now exceeds t~hat'"ot the imported by
-several li'undre.dtliousand dollars. The‘ Ameri-

,can hats are as fine as the Engilisli, and more sub-

stantial and durable. The on'ly“deficicncy of our

well as thoseof the Engllsli. It is to be hoped,
that they will soonlcarn tlie-"art of makings bright:
and durable l)lac-k.- -lf,-_ lio..w-ever-, they should not,
every true economist .ouglit.‘..to‘ prefer American
hats totliose of Eiigland, because the American
will last longer, and he experiences no inconve-
nience if its color is not q~’-uitc so deep a black as
that of its F.uropcan,l~i,val._j -  i . i

VVc understand, that Silver Dollars are im-
ported into the United_ p§3t:itcs from Englancl.
Three vessels. have rpe,ccntly _ brolight in .,greater
or’lcss quantities. It is 'paid,.». tlfiat,’ in ‘London

cnces between the respective states. -‘w

, ...._.,...._g ... . _..__q‘._ ,-.. 3*.‘ ,_ .
front the. iiiteinpeflite use ofcolfstifi§foif§lv}‘;b'wei‘s,as from
'.the infraction of that instrument. The first abuse must
be borne, until its continuance engciideis against gov.
- crument a spirit of distrust, or indeed enniity, whilst the
last is apt to be corrected either by tliejucliciary, or a full ll.-
vestigation of the constitution. The old‘Cou9‘ress, in
.adopting the ordinance for the government ofthe North
‘yiest '.l‘erritor_v, were tempted by moral considerauoiis,«
in relation to slavery, which can have no weight with us,
for Congress having now the undoubted right toprohibit
the importation of slaves, can, by thedue exercise oftliat
right, make it immaterial {on the score of the increase of
slavery,) whether ‘slaves ‘are removed to the new, or re-
tained in the old states. But the states» under the old
confcderatioii, had a right tuimport slaves from Africa or
clsewlierc ; and the Congress, by shutting the western
market against their admission, exercised its only mean
ofretarding the increase of slaves in the country.
A gentle-man from l’eniis_vlvauia, (Mr. bergeant,) says,
the inhibition of slavery in the territorial 0i'ulllilllC_‘c, was
the 1'csult of comproniise. He has, however, failed to
prove this assertion; nor can 1 conceivehow the inhibi-
uoncould have sprung from comprouiise, or how the
gentleman would aid his side of‘ the question by iiiakiiig
it a compromise. Vt-hat was compromised? ’ if it was a
_coucessioii on the part of \'irgiuia, or the south, what
was the equivalent received by the south? Virginia had
previously prohibited the importation of slaves, but, mas.
nlucli assiie could not prevent their imp'orla'iion by other
states, she was willing to lessen the. demand for them,
Virgiiiia, always since i699, has evinced her anxiety to
abrogate the slave trade, and exerted herself‘ must; to pro.
lnbittlie trade, at .a time when Peiilisjlvaiiia and other
-’stutcS 'uow'S0 forward llT"tSlLl;)ll5llll:g‘,lTL;.Sl.l'lCll0ll on Mm.
souri,"did not discourage, but rather promoted the im-
portatioii of slaves. in the second year of George the 2d,
_ andgrluring several years thereafter, whilst Virgim~., uh.
‘posed’ as heavy a duty on the ilnportatiou of slaves as
‘ tile Crown, influenced as it was by the Britisli merchants,
would ,perii_ait, with a view to a prohibiuon of the trade,
l.’enn's_ylvania imposed a duty, which, réduced to an -all
l valorem impost, did not C‘XCt.‘C(l about 4 per cciitum, by
which me-.uis this province had a transit duty on ‘Virginia
. slaves, and eventually kept the trade open between
i"lfrica and the coliiitiysoutli of Susqllehanl1a,notwithstand.
log‘ the struggle of ‘virglma against it. . ._ i
it is insisted tliat tlieadnliss.oiiof' slaves in Missouri and
the west, will open a wide lli1Ll'l{Bl, and encourage the
smuggling offorcigu sl-.ivt:;~:, in violation of the laws of.
.,tl_ie.,Uni'oi1. We suould be sure o.f..tl.ié...t.ru:li.of this anti-
cipation before we act on its basis, and even when assur-
ed of its truth, it would furuisli but can e3;ccutric excuse
for legislation, in which we would allege our own imbe-
cilltv and iuconlpeteiicy to prevent an illicit trade, by or-
duiary lneaus, as an apology for iueasdres of extraordina-
ry iuconvenieiir.te and t;‘lll‘u'.ti'l‘IlS.5‘ll‘lt.‘lli. to the southern sec-
tion ofthe‘ Union. But, will it be prt:teudc(.l that this
government is inconip_etciit to prohibit the slave trade,
‘unless by these restrictions on states. None are authori-
zed to assume that position until he sllallliave sliewn that
the other and ordinary powers of the government have
l-icenexliausted witliout curing the evil. A Although gov.
-*er-iiiii‘eiit has done something, it has by no means done
titsfutmost to proliibit the trade. 1 had the honor last
é'}'{;;u’, to su:.unt a proposiil to pon'rsli“=tlii.ise engaged in‘ the
_u\:yla\';e.trade, with dc-at.li ; aim, although the proposition»
rv“3g'; atlopted Ill this House, it was rejected in the Senate.‘
ywpwé. years since, when_ gentlemen objected against the
bill for the recovery of fugitive slaves, that it might af.
forda coverfor kiclnappillg‘, 1 submitted, in connection
lgwith that bill, a section lllfidltlllg the punishment ofdeath
..on the offence of kidiiapping. But _tliat.p(misl;mengwa3f
“-thought too.severe ; and the House, on the motion of a
lg:-ntleman from Vermont, struck out the capital punish.
yfnent, -and inserted two or t_hrce‘_v<.ars irnpri'sonnieut.\
.;Tlle slave holding state of Virginia has nladéikldnappiug
,-‘l.C:1[)l.l.3l offence, whilst gentlemen from the north, who
"'jablior_slav'er_v, cannot be brought to ~p[,1’|figh.[nat 0“-,._.,,ce
oiher‘wise than as a trivial misdemeanor. . The laws of
the Union to prohibit the impol-tatioll‘ of slaves have ge-
nerally left their whole efficacy to the Vlgllalicé‘ and vir-
ule ofcommon iu_formers, who _ would seldom be found
to carry prosecutions to a terirlinatioii in i sections ugh the
couiitry where the slave trade was not uiW,pu13,-. U".

I.

And this Pfcilmble, which good men*mi'ght call a di-.clara.~
timl of the SeH.Sc,of Congress of thefundameutal rights
of 3 PE’-Olllc W310 Stood then ‘in the grade of colonists;

trier sane ofour laws the trade itself was carried on; one
lot‘ the Sfllllllefll ‘states liaviug carried‘ the bale ‘and deten-
.;-.tio,n inslavery ota great number of importedAf'ricans,underv

which bad iucn would dencminate a more flourish; andl

i

\

.i
'l

l

9,.....nv ~-'u\.-3..“‘.I”‘,r V‘

"the express provisions ofan act of Congress. Indeed, we

tg.
4-s

consequently 5 per ceiitutiider par; ‘T-heii‘nfiux
of silver from the ’c"on"tin’cnt7vilitlili‘Eii‘glbl'1d has
been considerable; as being amore fawn;-able
remittance than billslof exchzinge. Dollaxbfrom
South America have also vbeen importedfinto
England in large ‘quantities.-—At Buenos
A3-'res,it is said, they are worth only about 4.
shillings sterling. t In con‘sequ'en'ce3o"‘f' this influx
into England, we have heard it accounted for,
that dollars are so far below par as to afford a
profit on importation into this country. i VVe may

in. This is not. the only remarkable circum-
stance of these times. Business is so stagnant,
that we hear o,finucli«_ idle capital afloat. Per-
sons would willingly borrow it to pay their debts;
lrutthe want of confidence operates as a.-serious
im ppecliment between those who have -it, and those
who want it. Many of the banks who are solici-

king‘. I’l'ivate,capitalists-in some of the -northem
towns are said to be willing to loan on‘ undoubted
Sf-‘Cl1l‘ity, at 5 or 6 per -cent.  The public 6 per
cenls. command from 3 to .5. per cent. above par.
The ,t_2,"0Vel‘nm€nl are authorized by the-late three-
‘million loan bill__to take the loan att} per cent.
if l'C<l6Cmal9—l6~a.t ll-1_¢ pl'_ea§l?t,lI‘6 of"-the government;
if not, at 5 pct‘ cci¢it_,_ ir~rcclfeem:ab.l_c-‘«liefore the year
l832- If tllC.)l~pl3t:,.l‘C,_l'-t'lli.Cl lattcr':alternative,they
Wm "0 doubt Sl1C,9c,ed,,in- negociating «the loan.
.T.hese are altogetlliegj anomalous events in the
history of our cou»ntr.y.—-Enqu,-,.e,._
_ 1 cuanrssrozv. MAY 25.
7a’at_ Ca!c7zing.——We copied into the Courier-,_ a few
days Smcei from a paper printed in Carmarthen (Wales)

Ol ill‘? White I-i011 "Inn in that place by an Oyster. Yes-
t“3l‘d*‘)’ afternoon» a. friend brought to this office, in a se-
§§31‘_ b0Xa 3- Rllfifiearly full grown, in custody of a Muscle,
whzch he had just discovered, by his cries, under his
store, situated opposite to theMarket.H.ouse iii"Boundary
Slfevti at--the licad~’or'—“Gadsden’s-‘.-wharfiv‘ .T5fiteW_as-caflgllt
by the toes of onlyone of its feet, and; when”-brouglit.to

deavors to extricate himself from his enemy,who held on
upon him with the most unrei.enting_pertinaci.ty, utterly
regardless of his cries for liberati<in,i-lyhich would have
moved the heart of any thing," ‘excqpt an, Oygtér or‘ a

-3 Iuscle.—— Courier. _ y ,
AUCTI0_.N 0N st’ C aniv, ' i *  ‘
W ILL be sold, on Saturday the’ 3d inst. at 5 %o’clock,
ll” m-kslglle lu‘1‘mll11'8..a. few dozen morocco skins,
. cas eesc .
f lg:-gs léllllfr, 4.0 boxesllerriiigs
.2 ales or *s ’ ‘
2 baskets ‘ a lad Oil
A few barrels Potatoes _ v
i 1 silver Watcl-i , - 4 _ . V .
cash w‘ltliliJ!l(.l)t‘;'i~]c’s:-Nrlfbi several Other amck“ an mid for
D, V ' ’ ~ ~ .. ~. ‘ .
june 2- l

.9

. ;v,_,‘ ,_.‘

’” PUBLIC vvonsinr; 

engaged by the Unitarian Chr'st' f A '
Public W orship. on Sabbath days, ,i,d"$;?i; §;v?,:2::§‘%‘,i

that purpose with a discourse aimed g 11,- . * 
Sunday morning, June 4th, at hag pa8,.:én9o::§§’;:?“! °”
311118  ‘ V‘ by A  p '
Oflice of the Franklinsrlnsurance. Company’:
, j - _ , -rl1ayp2o,,ls2o. 
I I-IE Stockholders of this institution ‘sr‘e“he.n'ebv~ re-
’ . minded that the amonltelvection ‘ " 3'
‘Will lake P1395 3‘ “ll” Q3399-'4‘-"ll lilo first M‘onday.in=J‘ui-ie
’ _. 5,1 -

-next ensuing ,
A. BRADLEY, 3rd.

may 24--cotd

batters is in their colors, which will not hold so.~._

they cost 59_and a half pence per: ou_pce--.eq.ual‘t’,y

. aoslahallLo.¢n.§snsr ,ile1.*.m.‘~+54e .:l>eo¢sf=.?i'liof%:: C, _.
1 mgs 6 pence bci,ng-‘the p3,1',‘tThe ,d,_oI1_a;-,3 .§_,,.‘-gv,.- ' ‘

therefore expect to see more of then: brought l

tons to lend, cannot. always a get paper to their li-.,

an account of a Mouse, having been caught in the pantry _

this Ofllcerwas quiteworn-down with ’ fatigue in his eu- -

Vile-JE Long R aom over tberubim-...uaths,‘in’ Cfistreet,-is r

.of'twElve ,di'ré;c,'tors .